Everything You Need to Know About Knee Replacement Surgeries

A total knee replacement is a surgical procedure whereby the diseased knee joint is replaced with artificial material. The knee is a hinge joint which provides motion at the point where the thigh meets the lower leg. The thighbone (or femur) abuts the large bone of the lower leg (tibia) at the knee joint. During a total knee replacement, the end of the femur bone is removed and replaced with a metal shell. The end of the lower leg bone (tibia) is also removed and replaced with a channeled plastic   piece with a metal stem. Depending on the condition of the kneecap portion of the knee joint, a plastic "button" may also be added under the kneecap surface. The artificial components of a total knee replacement are referred to as the prosthesis.

The posterior cruciate ligament is a tissue that normally stabilizes each side of the knee joint so that the lower leg cannot slide backward in relation to the thighbone. In total knee replacement surgery, this ligament is either retained, sacrificed, or substituted by a polyethylene post. Each of these various designs of total knee replacement has its benefits and risks.

Your knee joint is made up by the lower end of your thigh bone (femur) and the upper end of your shin bone (tibia). These normally glide over each other easily because they are covered by smooth cartilage. If your cartilage is damaged by injury or worn away by arthritis, it can make your joint painful and stiff . A new knee joint will usually improve your mobility and reduce pain, although your new knee won’t be able to bend quite as far as a normal knee joint.

Depending on the condition of your knee joint, you may need to have part, or all, of your knee joint replaced. If you have arthritis just in one area of your knee joint, usually the inside part of the joint called the medial compartment, you may be offered a partial knee replacement (called a unicondylar knee replacement). However, a total knee replacement is more common. Artificial knee parts are almost always made of metal (on the femur side) and plastic (on the tibia side) and a knee replacement can last for up to 20 years. 

There are two main types of surgery, depending on the condition of the knee:

 • Total Knee Replacement (TKR) – both sides of your knee joint are replaced

• Partial (half) Knee Replacement (PKR) – only one side of your joint is replaced in a smaller operation with a shorter hospital stay and recovery period

When is knee replacement surgery recommended ?

 Knee surgery is recommended for older people, although adults or teenagers of any age can be candidates for the procedure, since they are physically active and will more rapidly wear the joint out. The weight, gender, or age of the person is never a factor when considering knee replacement surgery. When considering the option of knee replacement surgery, doctors take into account a number of symptoms:

 • Severe knee pain or stiffness: Do symptoms seriously undermine the patient's ability to carry out everyday tasks and activities, such as walking, going upstairs, getting in and out of cars, getting up from a chair, etc?

 • Moderate but continuous knee pain: Is pain present while sleeping or resting?

 • Chronic knee inflammation and swelling: Does the swelling not improve after taking medications or resting? Do drugs cause unpleasant side effects?

 • Knee deformity: Is there is a noticeable arch in the inside or outside of the knee?

 • Nothing else worked: The doctor has prescribed medications and physical therapy without any substantial improvement.

Most patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery want to know when they’ll be able to return to their normal life. Questions about “recovery time” are common. There are many factors that can affect recovery time, but typically patients can return to normal life activities within 3 to 6 months.

To be more specific we should examine the difference between “short-term recovery” and “long-term recovery” – which are terms you may hear when talking with orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, nurses and other health care providers. Short-term recovery requires the patient to walk with minimal aid or no aid and to give up major pain medications in favor of over-the-counter pain relief. This generally occurs within twelve weeks after surgery. Long-term recovery is what you’re talking about when you talk about returning to work and normal life activities. Your doctors and therapists will look for complete healing of surgical wounds and internal soft tissues in addition to the resumption of normal daily life.

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Cost Estimate for Total Hip Replacement Treatment in India

Hip Joint replacement or Total Hip Replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip
joint with an artificial device to restore joint movement (prosthesis).
There are different types hip replacements. If a hemi-arthroplasty is performed, either
the femoral head or the hip socket (acetabulum) will be replaced with a prosthetic device. In a total hip replacement, both the femoral head and the hip socket is replaced by the
prosthetic device.

WHAT IS ARTHRITIS AND WHY DO JOINTS WEAR OUT?

The normal joint in our body is made up of two bones which are lined by surface
cartilage. The joint is surrounded by a capsule which has a thin lining of synovial cells which produce a thin layer of lubrication film. The lubrication film (synovial fluid) together with the surface cartilage (articular cartilage) acts as a shock absorber and allows the joint to move smoothly and lasts for many, many years.

If the surface cartilage is badly damaged or if the joint surfaces are not aligned properly
(example, in a shallow hip) then the cartilage will wear out much more quickly than the
normal wear and tear and as a result the bone under the cartilage layer is exposed. The
exposed bone starts to rub against each other and the process of osteoarthritis (wear
and tear) is established.

Osteoarthritis is therefore the result of mechanical wear and tear on a joint. The main
feature is a loss of surface cartilage with bone rubbing on bone. This process produces
pain. The body tries to relieve this pain by increasing the amount of fluid in the joint.
This is why joints are sometimes swollen. The formation of bone spurs and cysts around
the joint is another hallmark of osteoarthritis.

In an arthritic hip

• The cartilage lining is thinner than normal or completely absent. The degree of
  cartilage damage and inflammation varies with the type and stage of arthritis.
• The capsule of the arthritic hip is swollen
• The joint space is narrowed and irregular in outline; this can be seen in an X-ray image.
• Bone spurs or excessive bone can also build up around the edges of the joint.

The combinations of these factors make the arthritic hip stiff and limit activities due to pain or fatigue.

Diagnosis

• The diagnosis of osteoarthritis is made on history, physical examination & X-rays
• There is no blood test to diagnose Osteoarthritis (wear & tear arthritis)

Surgical procedure 

You are admitted to the hospital and after appropriate pre-operative tests and admission
procedures you will be taken to the operating theatre. The anaesthetist will discuss with you the type of anaesthetic. Anaesthesia may be either general or regional. With a general anaesthetic you are asleep and with a regional (spinal or epidural) your legs and hips are numb allowing you to have the operation without pain. Usually the anaesthetist will either sedate you or give you a full anaesthetic if you have a spinal/epidural procedure.

Most approaches to the hip are done with the patients lying on their side. When you are
asleep you are positioned in a special brace that stabilises your pelvis and keeps you on
your side. An incision is made along the side of your hip joint and the muscles carefully split and divided to expose the hip joint.

The worn out joint is exposed and the femoral head is resected. This allows visualisation
of the acetabulum (socket). The socket is then cleared of debris and a reamer is inserted to appropriately fashion the socket to accept the artificial acetabular component.
After reaming is complete, the artificial socket is inserted. There are two types of sockets,
(a) a cemented socket or (b) an uncemented socket. A cemented socket is cemented into
the bone and an uncemented socket allows bone to grow into it. Your surgeon will advise
you which is the most appropriate socket for your bone quality.

An uncemented socket has the ability to accept a socket lining which is either polyethylene (special plastic), ceramic or metal. The liner is inserted into the socket. Ceramic and metal articulating joint surfaces have lower wear rates than plastic sockets and therefore tend to be used in younger patients. The newer plastics last a lot longer than the older ones and are appropriately used in older patients.
After preparation of the socket, the femoral bone is prepared with various instruments to
accept either a cemented or an uncemented femoral component. Once the canal is prepared the femoral stem is inserted with or without cement. A trial femoral head is placed on the stem and the hip is reduced. During the trial reduction the hip is tensioned appropriately and put through a range of motion. At the same time leg lengths and stability are examined.

Advantagesof Total Hip Replacement Surgery

Hip replacement improves quality of life. Age is no barrier to hip replacement benefits. Hip replacement is cost effective. High rate of patient satisfaction associated with hip replacement The artificial hip often improves the movements in a hip joint that has become increasingly stiff from the effects of long term arthritis and this permits the patient to resume at first gentle activity and then their favourite leisure hobbies Improves mobility Independence of arthritis sufferers For more information visit:          http://www.medworldindia.com                             https://www.facebook.com/medworld.india Please scan and email your medical reports  to us at care@medworldindia.com and we shall get you a Free Medical Opinion from India’s Best Doctors. Call Us : +91-9811058159 Mail Us : care@medworldindia.com

How Elbow Replacement Is Done and Who Does It

Elbow joint replacement surgery in India

Elbow joint replacement is surgery to replace the bones of the elbow joint with artificial joint parts (prosthetics). This surgery may also be termed as "Total elbow arthroplasty", "Endoprosthetic elbow replacement". This procedure is also becoming more widely used in aging adults to replace joints damaged by fractures. The artificial elbow is considered successful by more than 90% of patients who have elbow joint replacement.

The elbow joint connects two bones:

• The humerus in the upper arm

• The ulna in the lower arm

How Elbow Replacement Is Done and Who Does It

During elbow replacement, a surgeon removes damaged tissue and parts of the two arm bones -- the humerus and the ulna -- that meet at the elbow joint. After removing tissue and bone, the surgeon replaces the elbow joint with an artificial one. The artificial joint consists of two implants that are attached to the insides of the humerus and ulna. The implants are joined together by a metal and plastic hinge. Various types of implants exist to fit joints of different sizes.

Elbow replacement is similar to hip and knee replacement. It is, though, much less common, with only a few thousand replacements done each year.

If you're considering elbow replacement, it's best to find a surgical team led by an experienced elbow arthroplasty surgeon. There are few such teams nationwide, so it's likely that you'll have to travel to another city or state to have the procedure done.

You can locate surgical teams that regularly perform elbow replacement through:

• University schools of medicine
• County medical societies
• State orthopaedic societies
• Local rheumatologists
• Professional associations such as American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons

Why Elbow Replacement Is Done

Elbow replacement was first done to replace joints damaged by RA. Its success rate is still highest among people with arthritis who are highly motivated and in the best health. Because early mechanical failure is more likely to occur among younger, more active people, the procedure is most suited for people older than 60 years of age.

In recent years, candidates for elbow replacement have included more than just people with RA. Others who might consider it include people whose elbows have been damaged by:

• Osteoarthritis
• Joint disease
• Arthritis after injury (traumatic arthritis)
• Arthritis after previous surgery
• Acute fractures in the upper or lower arm near the elbow
• Tumors or tumor resection

Advanced Technology and Hi tech Implants for ElbowJoint Replacement Surgery

Latest technological advancements are now available for elbow implants, giving surgeons more options in their efforts to relieve pain and restore joint function.
Elbow implants are very "high tech." Their designs can be quite complex, and the materials used to make them, called biomaterials, are highly developed. The materials most commonly used have a long history of clinical use.

There are many different biomaterials, but there's no single biomaterial that is best for all implants and all patients. The specific requirements of an implant material vary depending on how the implant was designed to be used. Our Joint Replacement Surgeons in India will provide you with the options of very Hi Tech Next Generation Implants according to your medical requirement.

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Please scan and email your medical reports  to us at care@medworldindia.com and we shall get you a Free Medical Opinion from India’s Best Doctors.

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Knee Replacement Surgery at World best hospitals in India

Your knee joint is made up by the lower end of your thigh bone (femur) and the upper end of your shin bone (tibia). These normally glide over each other easily because they are covered by smooth cartilage. If your cartilage is damaged by injury or worn away by arthritis, it can make your joint painful and stiff . 

A new knee joint will usually improve your mobility and reduce pain, although your new knee won’t be able to bend quite as far as a normal knee joint.

 Depending on the condition of your knee joint, you may need to have part, or all, of your knee joint replaced. If you have arthritis just in one area of your knee joint, usually the inside part of the joint called the medial compartment, you may be offered a partial knee replacement (called a unicondylar knee replacement). However, a total knee replacement is more common. Artificial knee parts are almost always made of metal (on the femur side) and plastic (on the tibia side) and a knee replacement can last for up to 20 years. 

There are two main types of surgery, depending on the condition of the knee:

 • Total Knee Replacement (TKR) – both sides of your knee joint are replaced

• Partial (half) Knee Replacement (PKR) – only one side of your joint is replaced in a smaller operation with a shorter hospital stay and recovery period

When is knee replacement surgery recommended ?

Knee surgery is recommended for older people, although adults or teenagers of any age can be candidates for the procedure, since they are physically active and will more rapidly wear the joint out. The weight, gender, or age of the person is never a factor when considering knee replacement surgery. When considering the option of knee replacement surgery, doctors take into account a number of symptoms:

 • Severe knee pain or stiffness: Do symptoms seriously undermine the patient's ability to carry out everyday tasks and activities, such as walking, going upstairs, getting in and out of cars, getting up from a chair, etc?

 • Moderate but continuous knee pain: Is pain present while sleeping or resting?

 • Chronic knee inflammation and swelling: Does the swelling not improve after taking medications or resting? Do drugs cause unpleasant side effects?

 • Knee deformity: Is there is a noticeable arch in the inside or outside of the knee?

 • Nothing else worked: The doctor has prescribed medications and physical therapy without any substantial improvement.

Knee Replacement Surgeries and Techniques Available at MedWorld India :

• Total Knee Replacement : Also called total knee arthroplasty, this surgery is for people who have extensive damage in several parts of their knee. The surgeon removes the diseased cartilage, as well as some of the underlying bone, and then fuses an artificial joint to the bone that remains.

•  Partial Knee Replacement : If the cartilage in just one of the knee's sections becomes damaged, Mayo Clinic surgeons can sometimes replace just the damaged section instead of the whole knee joint. Recovery is easier than with total knee replacement, but the results may not last as long, because arthritis could develop in other areas of the knee.

•  Minimally Invasive Surgery : Minimally invasive techniques allow surgeons to replace a knee using smaller incisions. This usually results in less pain and a quicker recovery. But minimally invasive knee replacement requires special surgical training, and it may not work for everyone. Your orthopedic surgeon will determine whether you're a good candidate for the minimally invasive approach.

• Bilateral Knee Replacement : Having both knees replaced at once can reduce the overall time spent in rehabilitation following surgery, but it's not recommended for some people, such as those with heart or lung disease. 

Major Types of Orthopedic Surgery and Joint Replacements in India

Orthopedic Surgeries in India - Major Types of Orthopedic Surgery and Joint Replacements

Orthopedic (sometimes spelled orthopaedic) surgery is surgery performed by a medical specialist, such as an orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon, trained to deal with problems that develop in the bones, joints, and ligaments of the human body.

Orthopedic surgery corrects problems that arise in the skeleton and its attachments, the ligaments and tendons. It may also deal with some problems of the nervous system, such as those that arise from injury of the spine. These problems can occur at birth, through injury, or as the result of aging. They may be acute, as in injury, or chronic, as in many aging-related problems.orthopedic surgeons dealt with bone deformities in children, using braces to straighten the child's bones. With the development of anesthesia and an understanding of the importance of aseptic technique in surgery, orthopedic surgeons extended their role to include surgery involving the bones and related nerves and connective tissue.

Some of the most common surgical procedures

Total joint replacement
Total joint replacement is a surgical procedure in which certain parts of an arthritic or damaged joint, such as a knee joint, are removed and replaced with an artificial joint that moves like a healthy joint.

Total knee replacement
if you have very severe arthritis, for example, total knee replacement surgery may be an option. When knee replacement surgery is performed, the cartilage of the knee joint is replaced with a metal and plastic implant. Sometimes, the artificial joint is anchored in place with bone cement or a material is used that allows the bone tissue to grow into it.

Total hip replacement
the procedure involves removing the ball and socket of a joint with arthritis and inserting a new ball and socket to allow movement at the new joint. There are many types of total hip replacement implant options including the type of material (metal and ceramic), and how the implant is designed to work.

Total shoulder replacement
this procedure involves replacing damaged bone and cartilage with an implant made of metal and plastic. It is much like the hip procedure. This procedure can improve range of motion at the shoulder joint.

Rotator cuff repair
the rotator cuff helps keep your shoulder anchored and helps it to move, too. A tear in the cuff can limit your range of motion and cause pain. Many times these tears can be repaired with surgery to relieve pain and improve strength and functioning of the shoulder.

Arthroscopic surgery

Arthroscopy is a method of viewing or performing surgery on a joint by use of an arthroscope, which consists of a tube, a lens, and a light source using fiber optics to visualize the surgical area. Our orthopedic surgeons perform shoulder, knee and other repairs with arthroscopy. The incision made for inserting the arthroscope is very small, and fewer stitches may be required. The advantage to arthroscopy is a smaller incision heals more quickly and there is less trauma to tissue.

Spine surgery
there are a variety of problems that may lead to spine surgery. The main reason is to improve function and remove back pain. There are a number of procedures that come under the umbrella of spine surgery, and these procedures are done if more conservative treatment, such as medication or physical therapy, don't work. These include such common procedures as laminectomy, diskectomy, fusion, and spinal decompressions. Kyphoplasty is a less-invasive technique for the pain of spinal fractures often caused by osteoporosis.

Ankle surgery
A variety of problems with the ankles and wrists require surgical treatment. Overuse injuries, rheumatoid arthritis, stress fractures and sprains can often be treated with surgery if more conservative treatment fails.

ACL reconstruction
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the major stabilizing ligament of the knee. When it ruptures, reconstruction can be performed in a number of ways. Harrison orthopedic surgeons use state-of-the-art reconstructive techniques using tendon grafts.

Benefits of Orthopedic Surgeries

In most cases, recovery from most types of orthopedic surgery is relatively rapid. Depending on the specific type of surgery, recovery time varies from two weeks to four months. Physical and Occupational therapy usually follows any type of orthopedic surgical procedure, which will help restore muscle strength, coordination, and mobility. Some physical therapy is also performed through the use of hydrotherapy and massage.  

After orthopedic surgery that addresses a variety of issues, such as partial or total joint replacement, arthroscopy to remove bone or cartilage tissues as well as procedures to relieve pain and loss of movement through osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, patients can expect a reduction of pain, increased mobility and improved quality of life. Success rates with joint replacement and Arthroplasty are higher than 90%, and longevity of prosthetic implants provide long-term relief.

MedWorld India  affiliated hospitals in India - The ultimate destination for thousands of people across the world who are seeking high quality Orthopedic Surgery?

• Top Class Doctors, some of whom have an experience of performing more than 10000 joint replacement surgeries.
• World Class Hospitals having the latest technology like Computer Navigation, 64 slice CT, High end MRI, Neuro-navigation surgical systems, Neuro-physiology etc.
• Cost of Surgery just 1/6th of cost in USA, UK or Europe with finest quality implants, prosthesis and consumables imported from Leading International Companies.

For more information visit:          http://www.medworldindia.com        
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Please scan and email your medical reports  to us at care@medworldindia.com and we shall get you a Free Medical Opinion from India’s Best Doctors.

Call Us : +91-9811058159

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